The IUFRO 1964/68 Inventory Provenance Trial of Norway Spruce in Nyírjes, Hungary – results and conclusions of five decades. Documentary study.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0001Abstract
Provenance experiments are a forgotten treasure of forest research. For two centuries, well before the concept of genes and genetics was formulated, silviculturists started internationally supported experiments to investigate the heritable differences between populations of the same species, but of various origin (Langlet 1971). The original aim was to maximize productivity of artificially regenerated forests with best suited reproductive material. These tests had become the pioneering objects of study of intraspecific genetic variation. More than a century before Turesson described ecologically generated differentiation within plant species (Turesson 1925), foresters were already aware of the selective role of the environmental factors (first of all of climate) influencing the phenotypic appearance of trees and consequently also their vitality and economic value. The tested populations considered autochthonous and adapted to the local site conditions they inhabited over many generations, were termed “provenances”. While detailed information about abiotic and genetic-biotic environmental factors shaping the standing genetic variation of the populations were unavailable (and, typically, remained so until the present), provenances were and are characterised by the site denomination where the seeds were collected; being usually a single, mature stand (e.g. a subcompartment), but often a larger area or even a forest district. In strict sense, “provenance” should be distinguished from “origin”: the latter stands for a seed source originating from a stand which has been artificially regenerated (transferred) on a location different from its original site. E.g. pedunculate oak of Slavonian provenance has been planted widely in Central Europe; the denomination of the seed collected in a transferred, second generation stand will be “Slavonian provenance of given origin”. In case of species widely transferred in historic times, usually this distinction cannot be made; this is especially the case with Norway spruce. Therefore the term provenance is used in this study without distinguishing between natural and planted populations, assuming at the same time a rather effective selective effect of local adaptive factors (see also chapter 2.2). In this sense, provenance is synonymous with “population grown from known seed source”...
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Unpublished sources: UJVÁRI-JÁRMAY, É. (2002): Az adaptáció szempontjából fontos tulajdonságok változatosságának értékelése, összefüggések feltárása lucfenyő származások, anyanövények és származáshibridek felhasználásával. Lucfenyő génmegőrzés. [Variation of phenotypical adaptive traits of Norway spruce. Conservation of genetic resources of Norway spruce] T 025 752 sz. OTKA témapályázat zárójelentése. [Final report T 025 752, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund] (in Hungarian)
Unpublished sources: UJVÁRI-JÁRMAY. É. (2006): Erdei fás növények válaszreakciója környezeti tényezők változására. [Response of forest trees to changing environmental conditions] T 37 194 sz. OTKA témapályázat zárójelentése.[Final report T 37 194. Hungarian Scientific Research Fund] (in Hungarian)
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