Diversity of SME Sizing Policies and Delimitations in the World
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21637/GT.2020.3-4.07Kulcsszavak:
global SME, sizing, global economy, German model, IFRS, MSMEAbsztrakt
Global partnerships are essential in order to maintain European competitiveness. People tend to think of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) on a global scale, however we should always consider the following questions: Is this the right way? Are we aware of the current situation of SMEs in the world?
The aim of the study is to demonstrate the characteristics and the roles of SMEs on national, on European and on global scales, based on secondary data collection in 21 countries, including Arab, Latin America, Asia and the European Union. Based on the differences and identities, the definitions of the various practices regarding sizing policies of SMEs and delimitations in the European Union and Hungary have been summarized, highlighting the “Made in Germany” model as a characteristic difference. In addition, the different data for the countries in a table by regions will also be summarizes. A micro-enterprise typically has less than 10 employees, but distinguishes between self-employment, family, craft and “existential work”.
The diversity of size delimitation and the intention to unify are the result of globalization. In the age of Info Communication Technology (ICT) companies have a legitimate need to connect to the global supply chain, therefore gaining knowledge of their potential partners. The goal is to see how SMEs can be compared on a global scale, outside the national and European Union frameworks.
White looking for a global definition and size limitation of SMEs, I arrived to the global International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), more precisely to “IFRS for SMEs”, as a potentially usable benchmark for SMEs in the 21st century.
Hivatkozások
Abayné H. E. – Vajsz T. – Pummer L. (2005): A magyar mezőgazdaság nemzetközi versenyképességének összetevői. In. Palkovics M. – W. M.: Közép-Európa mezőgazdasága – lehetőségek és kockázatok. pp. 1-5. Keszthely: Veszprémi Egyetem Georgikon Mezőgazdaságtudományi Kar.
Audretsch, D. B. – Thurik, A. R. (2001): What's New about the New Economy? Sources of Growth in the Managed and Enterpreneurial Economies. Industrial and Corporate Change Vol. 10 Nr. 1, 267–315.
Ayadi, R. – Sessa, E. – El Said, H. H. – Ahmed, R. H. – Alshyab, N. – Sandri, S. – Ferchichi, M. G. (2017): “Micro, small and medium sized enterprises development in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia: structure, Palkovics M obstacles and policies”. Euro-Mediterranean Network for Economic Studies (EMNES), Vol. 3, pp. 1–88.
Balog, Á. (2018): A KKV szegmens hitelezési folyamatinak elemzése a hitelgaranciák tükrében, az Európai Unióban. Hitelintézeti Szemle 17 Vol. 1 Iss., 62–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25201/HSZ.17.1.6282.
Barbaresco, G. – Salerno, E. (2013): Mid-sized companies according to Mediobanca-Unicamere. In. F. Coltorti, R. Resciniti, T. A., & R. Varaldo: Mid-sized Manufacturing Companies: The New Driver of Italian Competitiveness, pp. 13–40. Milano: Springer Verlag.
Berghoff, H. (2004): Moderne Unternehmensgeschichte: Eine themen- und theorieorientierte Einführung. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh.
Berrios, M. R. (2015): International Financial Reporting Standards for Latin American Small and Medium Enterprises. In. I. Lourenco, & M. Major: Standardization of Financial Reporting and Accounting in Latin American Countries, pp. 252–257. Lisabon: IGI Global. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8453-9.ch011.
Bosma, N. – Harding, R. (2006): Global Enterpreneurship Monitor 2006 Summary Results. Babson College and London Business School.
Castells, M. – Himanen, P. (2011): The Information Society and the Welface State: The Finnish Model. Oxford: Oxford Scholarship Online. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199256990.001.0001.
Cohen, E. (2007): Industrial Policies in France: The Old and the New. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade 7, pp. 213–227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10842-007-0024-8.
Die Welt (2019. 08. 13): DIE WELT. Forrás: Das sind die besten Mittelstandler Deutschlands: https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/gallery110150170/Das-sind-die-besten-Mittelstaendler-Deutschlands.html
EC (2000): The European Observatory for SMEs – Sixth Report. Brussel: European Commission.
EC (2003/361/EC): Commission Recomendation. Official Journal of the European Union.
EC (2016): European Commission, Directorate General Enterprise and Industry (2016) – 2015 SBA Prospectus, Hungary, page 2
EC (2018): France – SBA Fact Sheet. Louxembourg: European Commission.
EC (2018): Germany – 2018 SBA Fact Sheet. Bussel: European Commission.
EC (96/280/EC): Commission Recommendation. Official Journal of the European Communities.
ETDZ (2019): National Economic and Technological Development Zones
http://www.china.org.cn/features/etdz/2003-10/09/content_1076751.htm Accessed: 17 September 2019
EUROSTART (2019): Smal and Medium Size Enterprizes. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/structural-business-statistics/structural-business-statistics/sme Accessed: 10 oktober 2019.
Fear, J. R. (2012): Straight outta Oberberg: Transforming mid-sized family firms into global champions 1970-2010. Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftgeschichte Vol. 53 Nr. 1, pp. 125–169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1524/jbwg.2012.0007.
Forgács, A. (2008): A vállalati méretszerkezet okai és következményei. EU WORKING PAPERS Vol.11 Is.1, pp. 101–116.
Fukuyama, F. (1997): Bizalom. Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó.
Holicza, P. (2016): A magyar kkv szektor helyzete nemzeti és nemzetközi szinten. In. Á. Csiszárik-Kocsir, Vállalkozásfejlesztés a XXI. században VI. tanulmánykötet, pp. 147–162. Budapest: Óbudai Egyetem.
Holz, M. (2013): Startegies and pollicies to support the competitiveness of German Mittelstand companies. In. F. Coltorti, R. Resciniti, A. Tunisini, & R. Varaldo, Mid-sized Manufacturing Companies: The New Driver of Italian Competitiveness, pp. 147–168. Milano: Springer-Verlag. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2589-9.
Hölzl, W. (2010): Austria's Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Financial Market Crisis. Austrian Economic Quarterly Vol. 15 Is. 1, pp. 121–126.
Hölzl, W. – Reinstaller, A. (2009): Market Stucture: Sectore Indicators. In. M. Pender, Sectoral growth driveers and competitiveness in the European Union, pp. 392–454. Luxembourg: European Commiunities. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2769/55360.
Hsieh, C.-T. – Benjamin, A. O. (2014): The Missing “Missing Middle”. Journal of Economic Prespectives Vol 28 No. 3, pp. 89–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.3.89.
Jánoska R. (2018): Magyar lesz a legkedveltebb online fizetési platform https://startuponline.hu/magyar-lesz-a-legkedveltebb-online-fizetesi-platform/- Accessed 10 January 2020
Koloszár, L. – Németh, N. (2020): The Characteristics of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Buzzword, Hype or a Radical Change? E-conom 9(1), pp. 91–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17836/EC.2020.1.091.
Koloszár, L. (2018): Opportunities of lean thinking in improving the competitiveness of the Hungarian SME sector. Management and Production Engineering Review 9(2), pp. 26–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24425/119523.
Koroseczné Pavlin, R. – Kövér, G. – Parádi-Dolgos, A. – Szóka, K. (2015): Kisvállakozási méret felosztása. E-CONOM Vol. 4 Nr. 2, pp. 42–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17836/EC.2015.2.042.
KSH (2017): Kis és középvállalkozások jellemzői. Budapest. http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/pdf/kkv17.pdf
Martin, R. L. – Osberg, S. (2007): Social Enterpreneurship: The Case for Definition. Stanford Social Innovation Review Vol. 5 Nr. 28, pp. 29–39.
Moritz, A. – Block, J. H. – Heinz, A. (2015): Financing Patterns of Eurpean SMEs: An Empirical Taxonomy. In. H. Kraemer-Eis, EIF Reseach and Market Analysis, pp. 1–46. Luxembourg: European Investment Fund.
Nobes, C. (2008): Accounting Classification in the IFRS Era. Australian Accounting Review Vol. 18. Is. 3, pp. 191–198.
OECD (2019): Small businesses, job creation and growth: facts, obstacles and best practices https://www.oecd.org/cfe/smes/2090740.pdf Accesed 20 September 2019.
OECD (2016): Financing SMEs and Enterpreneurs 2016: An OECD Scoreboard. Paris. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/fin_sme_ent-2016-en.
P. Szabó, S. (2011): A „pekingi konszenzus” – közigazgatás és gazdaságirányítás a Kínai Népköztársaságban. Pro Pubico Bono: Állam- és Közgazdaságtudomáyni Szemle, 1 Vol. 2., pp. 149–162.
P. Szabó, S. (2012): Alkotmányos berendezkedés és kormányzás Kínában. In. S. P. Szabó: A Sárkány közbelép: Kína nemzetközi kapcsolatai, gazdasága és közigazgatási rendszere a 21. században, pp. 7–34. Budapest: Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem.
Pankotay, F. M. (2020): The large German Companies Effect on the Lean Employment of Hungarian SME’s. In. Proceedings of the 35th International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA), ISBN: 978-0-9998551-4-0, 1-12. April, Seville, Spain, pp. 7496–7503.
Petrakis, P. E. – Kostis, P. C. (2012): The Effects of Cultural Background and Knowledge Creation on Self-Employment and Entry Density Rates. Review of Economics and Finance, pp. 18–32.
Rafi, A. – Murtaza, M. (2013): ICT Adoption in SME in an Arab GCC Country: Oman. In. Small and Medium Enterprises: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications, pp. 792–815. Hershey: IGI Global. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3886-0.ch039.
Rijkers, B. – Arouri, H. – Freund, C. – Nucifora, A. (2014): Which firms create the most jobs in developing countries? Evidence from Tunisla. Labour Economics Vol. 31, pp. 84–102. ISSN 0927-5371, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2014.10.003.
Rumbold-Molnár, E. (2019. 09. 10.): A kis- és középvállalkozások helye az európai és magyar foglalkoztatásban. Forrás: Magyarországi Európa Társaság: Műhelytanulmány pályázatok 2003. https://europatarsasag.hu/sites/default/files/muhely_rumbold-molnar_eszter_tanulmanya.pdf
SBFE (2019): Small Bussiness Counts: Small bussiness in the Australian economy. In. A. S. Ombudsman. Australian Goverment.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934): The Theory of Economic Development – An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest and the Bussiness Cycle. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Small Business Branch – Canada. (2013): Key Small Business Statistics. Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. Forrás: Kay Small Business Statistics: http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/061.nsf/eng/h_02800.html
Stokke, H. E. (2008): Productivity Growth and Organization Learning. Review of Develompment Enonmics Vol. 12 Nr. 4, pp. 764-778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2008.00445.x.
Szóka, K. (2012): A pénzügyi-számviteli tervezés és a controlling összefüggései és gyakorlata: Különös tekintettel a kis- és középvállakozásokra. Sopron: Nyugat-magyarországi Egyetem Kiadó. ISBN:978963340707.
Szóka, K. (2018): Az új üzleti modell kialakításának feladatai a kontroller számára a negyedik ipari forradalom kihívásaihoz igazodva. Gazdaság és Társadalom 0865-7823 10 (2) pp. 45–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21637/GT.2018.02.03. REAL: 102326.
UK GOV (2019): HMRC SME action plan 2018 to 2019 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk) Accessed: 19 December, 2019.
Venohr, B. – Fear, J. – Witt, A. (2015): Best of Geman Mittelstand – The world market leaders. In. F. Langenscheidt, & B. Venohr, The Best of German Mittelstand – The world market leaders, pp. 10–27. ISBN: 9783942597487. Colonge: Deutsche Standards.
Witt, A. (2015): Global hidden champions: The internationalsation paths, entry models and underlying competitive advantages of Germany's and Britain's global 'top three' niche players. Edingburgh: The University of Edingburgh.
Yasuo, G. – Scott, W. (2019): Unfinished business: Zombie firms among SME in Japan’s lot decades Japan and the World Economy Vol. 49., pp. 105–112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2018.09.007.
##submission.downloads##
Megjelent
Hogyan kell idézni
Folyóirat szám
Rovat
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Gazdaság és Társadalom

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
GAZDASÁG & TÁRSADALOM